Nucleic Acid and Viral Vectored Vaccines Explained - Infographic

Adenovirus vaccines use DNA, for example spike DNA in COVID-19 vaccines. This must first be transcribed to spike mRNA and it is not possible to convert mRNA back to DNA.
Nucleic acid vaccines use mRNA, for example spike mRNA in COVID-19 vaccines. Spike mRNA is then translated to the spike protein. Most traditional vaccines use protein.